ОГЛЯД МІЖНАРОДНОГО ДОСВІДУ МОНІТОРИНГУ ПІДЗЕМНИХ ВОД НА ОБ'ЄКТАХ ЯДЕРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30836/igs.2522-9753.2025.338812Ключові слова:
моніторинг підземних вод, об’єкти ядерної спадщини, радіаційна безпека, спостережні свердловини, міжнародні стандартиАнотація
Моніторинг підземних вод на об’єктах ядерної спадщини України є важливою складовою забезпечення радіаційної безпеки населення та навколишнього середовища. Актуальною проблемою є запровадження в практику гідрогеологічного моніторингу сучасних методичних підходів і інструментальних методів з використанням найкращого міжнародного досвіду. Виконаний нами огляд реалізації моніторингу підземних вод на таких об'єктах ядерної спадщини, як Селлафілд (Sellafield) у Великій Британії, ядерні лабораторії Чок-Рівер у Канаді (Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories), майданчики виробництва матеріалів для ядерної зброї в США, пов'язані з «Манхеттенським проєктом» Хенфорд (Hanford) та іншими подібними об’єктами, засвідчує необхідність системного підходу, який поєднує чітке визначення цілей, планування і реалізацію моніторингу, розробку концептуальних моделей забруднених ділянок, оптимізацію мереж пунктів спостережень, використання сучасних конструкцій свердловин, методів відбору та аналізу проб, впровадження сучасних інформаційних технологій аналізу даних і адаптивного управління, а також інтеграцію моніторингу з моделями гідрогеологічних процесів. Значну увагу приділяють заходам щодо забезпечення і контролю якості даних, а також відкритості звітності та інформуванню громадськості. Гармонізація українських нормативів і стандартів у галузі моніторингу із міжнародними підходами (МАГАТЕ, ISO, ASTM) та впровадження найкращих світових практик є безальтернативним напрямком підвищення ефективності моніторингу та забезпечення екологічної безпеки на об'єктах ядерної спадщини України.
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